The Star
Christchurch, New Zealand.

Saturday, October 22, 1988.

Child sex abuse: the backlash
by Cate Brett

They call themselves Parents Against Injustice.

The claim to represent parents or individuals falsely accused of sexually assaulting a child.

They have asked the Government for a ministerial Inquiry into New Zealand’s handling of child sexual abuse.


It began with a break-in and the theft of a filing cabinet containing confidential case notes on dozens of sexually abused Christchurch children.

Next came an arson attack and the poisoning of a sexual abuse therapist's family pet.

A series of public notices were placed in Christchurch papers sponsored by a group calling itself PAIN - Parents Against Injustice.

The notices advised parents who believed themselves unjustly accused of sexually abusing children to make contact through a private box number.

Dozens of people responded. Now the advertisement will run in New Zealand's Sunday papers.

PAIN is calling for a ministerial inquiry into the handling of what some scathingly describe as New Zealand's "sexual abuse industry."

Now for the backlash.

Already the horrifying sexual abuse statistics vaunted during this year's Telethon have come under fierce attack and those who presented them as verifiable facts'' harshly criticised for deliberately misleading the public, causing widespread "fear and loathing."

No one is doubting the seriousness of the problem, nor the extent to which it has remained largely hidden until recent years. What people have begun questioning is the epidemic-like proportions of psychologist Miriam Saphira's declaration that one in every four children will be sexually abused.

Now there has been a new development: A development which mirrors others in Australia, America and Britain where, like New Zealand, child sexual abuse, having come out of the closet, looks set to tear at the very heart of society.

In Britain it was called the Cleveland scandal. It involved the misdiagnosis of sexual abuse in nearly 100 children over a five month period last year.

At the centre of the crisis which ripped families apart without explanation - and, in hindsight, without justification-was a cluster of health professionals using detection methods which have since been fundamentally challenged.

Parents caught up in the Cleveland abuse crisis formed a support group called Parents Against Injustice, and lobbied parliamentarians until an official inquiry was launched.

At the end of her inquiry, Lord Justice Butler-Sloss concluded one of the most worrying features of the Cleveland crisis was the isolation and lack of support for the parents of the children concerned, whether they were abusers, possible abusers or "ordinary people caught up in the results of misdiagnosis."

Nobody is suggesting a Cleveland-type scandal is about to erupt in New Zealand. Or at least not yet.

Professionals in the field speak of the numerous checks and balances which operate within the network of organisations dealing with child abuse.

But for the Christchurch men and women who have adopted the Cleveland-born acronym PAIN, these-words have a hollow ring.

Marriages have been broken, businesses sold, Jobs and homes lost and, worst of all, fathers separated from children for up to a year on the basis of accusations they say are false.

Worst of all, they claim, is to have been found guilty without trial and often without a single charge being laid against them.

"We have been robbed of our children and of our rights to prove our innocence.

"Every door and every ear is closed against us."

PAIN is referring to the statutory powers of social workers and police to remove a child from its home and place it in state custody if there are fears for its safety.

In cases of suspected sexual abuse, those fears may require months of investigation to substantiate. Months during which the alleged offender often has no access to his child or to the charges which are being shaped against him.

Most frequently the standard of evidence mustered is insufficient to be presented in a criminal court, where the accused must lie found "guilty beyond reasonable doubt."

Instead, the findings of therapists, psychologists, doctors and social workers go before the Family Court, where it is decided whether or not there are sufficient grounds to uphold the alleged abuse.

If the court is satisfied by the evidence, but the accused refuses to admit guilt, he may be condemned to indefinite separation from his family with no prospect whatsoever of recourse to a criminal hearing.

Paradoxically, for those who admit guilt, there is the opportunity for treatment and eventual rehabilitation with their family. For those who protest their innocence, there is nothing."

For the mothers who are forced to choose between believing their f children or their spouses, there is the prospect of children in foster care or a broken marriage.

Which takes us to the heart of the matter Can a child or a therapist be wrong?

Is it possible that in the flurry of moral outrage and horror that has greeted the child sexual abuse problem, innocent people have been falsely accused?

Are we simply confronting a group of angry and deeply disturbed sexual abusers who will not admit their guilt, or are these men genuine victims of a pendulum which has swung too far, too fast?

A cluster of highly qualified professionals in this city are beginning to give a tentative "yes" to these questions.

Tentative, because they believe most people accused of sexually abusing children are guilty. Tentative, because they fear that by raising questions about the methods of obtaining evidence and the quality of justice meted out to alleged offenders they may set back the clock on the work being done to protect children from sexual abuse.

Tentative, above all, because they have no proof – only questions.

§                Questions from psychologists alarmed by transcripts of interviews with children disclosing sexual abuse, where the use of leading questions and suggestion prompts visions of Moro bars being produced when a child finally says “yes, it happened.” Or “yes, daddy did it.”

§                Questions concerning complex clinical issues over the reliability and validity of the use of anatomically explicit dolls as a technique for diagnosing abuse.

§                Questions about the standards of objectivity and professionalism in a field fraught with controversy and dogged by a lack of hard research.

Questions that are not popular but questions they feel must be addressed, and addressed quickly, if we are to avoid a Cleveland type crisis in New Zealand